What is Food Safe Plastic? A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding Food Safe Plastic

Ever opened a container of leftovers and wondered if the plastic it’s stored in is truly safe? You’re not alone. Plastic has become ubiquitous in our kitchens, used for everything from food storage to preparation. But with so many different types of plastic available, it’s crucial to understand what constitutes “food safe plastic” and how to ensure the safety of your meals. The purpose of this article is to explore the meaning of food safe plastic, delve into the various types available, guide you on how to identify them, and share best practices for using plastic in contact with your food.

So, what exactly does “food safe” mean when it comes to plastic? Simply put, it signifies that the plastic material is designed and manufactured to minimize the risk of harmful substances migrating into the food it comes into contact with. These substances, if present in non-food-safe plastics, could potentially pose health risks over time. Food safe plastic adheres to strict regulations and guidelines established by organizations like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in Europe. These bodies set standards for the types and amounts of chemicals allowed in plastics intended for food contact.

Several key properties define food safe plastic:

Non-Toxic Composition: The raw materials used to create the plastic must be inherently non-toxic and approved for food contact applications. This means they don’t contain substances known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, or otherwise harmful.
Inertness: Food safe plastic should be relatively inert, meaning it doesn’t readily react with the food it contains. This prevents chemical reactions that could alter the food’s taste, odor, or safety.
Temperature Resistance: The plastic must be able to withstand the temperature range it’s likely to encounter during use, whether it’s freezer temperatures, refrigerator temperatures, or even the heat of a microwave (for microwave-safe plastics). Excessive heat can cause some plastics to degrade and release chemicals.
Durability: Food safe plastic should be durable enough to withstand normal wear and tear, preventing cracks, scratches, or other damage that could create breeding grounds for bacteria or increase the likelihood of chemical leaching.

Exploring the Types of Food Safe Plastics

Not all plastics are created equal when it comes to food safety. Let’s examine some of the most common types of food safe plastics you’ll encounter:

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE): Often identified by the recycling code number one, PET is a lightweight, clear plastic commonly used for beverage bottles, salad dressing containers, and peanut butter jars. It’s generally considered safe for single use and recycling is widely available. However, repeated use, especially at higher temperatures, is discouraged, as it might lead to the leaching of antimony, a metalloid that can be harmful in large doses.
High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Designated by recycling code number two, HDPE is a rigid, opaque plastic often used for milk jugs, detergent bottles, and some food storage containers. It’s considered one of the safest plastics for food storage due to its excellent chemical resistance and low risk of leaching. HDPE is also readily recyclable.
Polypropylene (PP): Identified by recycling code number five, PP is a versatile plastic used for a wide range of applications, including yogurt containers, ketchup bottles, and microwaveable food containers. PP is known for its high melting point and good chemical resistance, making it a good option for food storage. Some, but not all, PP containers are microwave-safe. Always check the manufacturer’s instructions before microwaving food in PP containers. Polypropylene recycling is becoming increasingly common, though not as widespread as PET or HDPE.
Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE): Number four is the recycling code for LDPE. This plastic is known for its flexibility and is often found in plastic bags (produce, bread, freezer) and squeezable bottles. While generally considered safe for food contact, LDPE is not as durable as other plastics and may not be suitable for storing hot foods or liquids. LDPE recycling is less common than recycling of the other plastics mentioned above.
Other Plastics: Newer plastics, like Tritan, are gaining popularity for food and beverage containers. Tritan is a BPA-free plastic known for its clarity, durability, and resistance to odors and stains. Certain types of Nylon, specifically those designed for food contact, are used in food packaging and cooking utensils.

On the other hand, certain plastics should be avoided for food contact due to potential health risks. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), often found in plumbing pipes, and Polystyrene (PS), commonly used for disposable cups and food containers (especially Styrofoam), are two examples. PVC can leach phthalates, which are endocrine disruptors, while Polystyrene can release styrene, a potential carcinogen, especially when heated.

Identifying Food Safe Plastics in Your Home

Knowing the different types of plastics is a good start, but how can you actually identify food safe plastics in your kitchen? Here’s a breakdown:

Deciphering Recycling Codes: Look for the triangular recycling symbol, usually located on the bottom of the container. While the presence of a recycling code doesn’t automatically guarantee that the plastic is food safe, it can provide a clue. Numbers one, two, and five are generally considered to be safer options, but remember to always check for additional indicators.
Seeking Manufacturer’s Labels and Certifications: Pay close attention to labels on the product. Look for terms like “Food Grade,” “BPA-Free,” or certifications from organizations that verify compliance with food safety standards. Buying from reputable brands increases the likelihood that the plastic has undergone rigorous testing and meets safety regulations.
Visual Inspection: Regularly inspect your plastic containers for signs of damage. Cracks, scratches, discoloration, or a lingering odor can indicate that the plastic is degrading and potentially leaching chemicals into your food. If you notice any of these signs, it’s best to discard the container. Avoid using very old or heavily used plastic containers for food storage, especially if you are unsure of their composition.

Optimal Practices for Using Food Safe Plastics

Even food safe plastics require proper handling to maintain their safety and longevity:

Temperature Considerations: Be mindful of temperature limits. Some plastics are specifically designed for microwave use, while others are not. Never heat food in plastic containers in the oven. Always allow hot food to cool slightly before transferring it to a plastic container for storage in the refrigerator or freezer.
Cleaning and Maintenance: Use appropriate cleaning methods based on the manufacturer’s recommendations. Some plastics are dishwasher-safe, while others are better suited for hand washing. Avoid using abrasive cleaners or scrub brushes, as these can scratch the surface of the plastic and increase the risk of bacterial growth or chemical leaching. Thoroughly dry the containers after washing to prevent the growth of mold or bacteria.
Storage Guidelines: Store your plastic containers in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Prolonged exposure to sunlight can degrade the plastic over time. If you’re concerned about long-term food storage, consider using glass or stainless steel containers, which are generally considered to be the safest options.

Addressing Concerns: BPA and Beyond

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical that was once widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It has been linked to a number of potential health concerns, including endocrine disruption, reproductive problems, and an increased risk of certain cancers. Due to these concerns, many manufacturers have switched to BPA-free alternatives. While BPA-free plastics are generally considered safer, it’s important to note that some replacement chemicals may also have potential health effects that are still being studied.

Beyond BPA, other chemicals of concern in plastics include phthalates, which are used to make plastics more flexible. To minimize your exposure to these chemicals, choose plastics that are labeled phthalate-free. Be aware that research on the long-term health effects of various chemicals in plastics is ongoing, and recommendations may change as new evidence emerges.

Exploring Alternatives to Plastic

While food safe plastics offer convenience, it’s also wise to consider alternatives:

Glass: Glass is an inert material that doesn’t leach chemicals into food. It’s also easy to clean and can be used in the oven, microwave, and freezer. However, glass is breakable and can be heavier than plastic.
Stainless Steel: Stainless steel is another durable and non-reactive option. It’s ideal for storing food in the refrigerator or freezer. However, stainless steel is not microwave-safe.
Silicone: Food-grade silicone is a flexible and heat-resistant material that is becoming increasingly popular for bakeware and food storage containers. It’s generally considered safe for food contact.
Beeswax Wraps: Beeswax wraps are a natural and reusable alternative to plastic wrap. They’re made from cotton fabric coated with beeswax, tree resin, and jojoba oil. Beeswax wraps are ideal for wrapping fruits, vegetables, and sandwiches.

Conclusion: Making Informed Choices for a Healthier Kitchen

Understanding what food safe plastic is, the types available, and how to use it responsibly is essential for protecting your health and the well-being of your family. By choosing food safe plastics, following proper handling guidelines, and considering alternatives when appropriate, you can minimize your exposure to potentially harmful chemicals and create a healthier kitchen environment. Remember that choosing products with appropriate food-safe labelling, like ‘food grade’, is important. Take the time to inspect your current containers. By making informed choices and adopting responsible practices, you can feel confident that the food you store and prepare is safe and healthy. Check your containers today!